Icyitonderwa: Kugira ngo Jenoside ishoboke igomba kuba ishyigikiwe na Leta. Leta igira umugambi n'ubushake bisesuye (intention) byo gutsemba icyo gice cy'abaturage bayo kandi koko ikabishyira mu bikorwa. Leta itegura Jenoside ibikorera gahunda kandi ikayigeraho. Uwicwa ntazira icyo yakoze, azira gusa ko ari umwe mu bagize igice cy'abo baturage bagomba gutsembatsembwa. Jenoside igira umurongo mugari igenderaho. Niwo uhuza abasangiye icyerekezokimwe cyo gukora Jenoside. Uwo murongo mugari niwo bita ingengabitekerezoya Jenoside. Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ikorerwa propaganda, igasakara mu bantu benshi, ikagira ingufu maze abantu bakayigenderaho bakemera gukora Jenoside. Jenoside yose iba ifite uko itegurwa (organisation): ntagipfa kwikora. Ibyo bita ko bisa n'uburakari bw'abaturage biba bifite ibyabibanjirije, byigishijwe, kandi byateguwe neza. Kandi nibyo bifashisha mu gukora Jenoside. 2.3. Itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside Kugirango Jenoside ishyirwe mu bikorwa, umushakashatsi kuri Jenoside Gregory Stanton yagaragaje ko itegurwa ryayo rigaragarira mu bikurikirana (10 stages). 1. Mbere ya byose, abategura Jenoside batandukanya abaturage, bakabacamo íbice bibiri («Us» and «Them ») bagendeye ku bwenegihugu, ubwoko, inkomoko cyangwa imyemerere.Muri iki gikorwa, abategura jenoside bagerageza kumvisha abaturage kobyiciro icumi kubacamo íbice ntacyo bitwaye kandi ko nta ngaruka bifite. Ariko mu byukuri bo baba bazi impamvu yabyo n'icyo bashaka kuzageraho. 2. Nyuma yo gucamo abaturage íbice, buri tsinda rihabwa izina ryihariye, rikagenderwaho babatandukanya n'abandi badahuje itsinda. Aha niho mu Rwanda abanyarwanda bagabanijwemo Abahutu n'Abatutsi, Aba Nazi n'Abayahudi mu Budage n'ahandi. Ibi bigashimangirwa n'inyigisho z'urwango zirushaho gutandukanya amatsinda yombi, kugeza ubwo itsinda ryibasiwe rifatwa nk'umwanzi mu muryango ribarizwamo. 3. Kwima bamwe uburenganzira (Discrimination): nko mu Rwanda, guheza abatutsi mu mirimo ya Leta no mu mashuri. Kwima impunzi uburenganzira bwazo bwo gutaha mu gihugu ngo nta mwanya uhari, ngo ikirahure kiruzuye. 4. Nyuma yo gutandukanya amatsinda no kuyaha amazina yihariye kuri buri tsinda, itsinda ryibasiwe ritangira kwamburwa ubumuntu, abarigizebakagereranywa n'ibikoko. Aha niho mu Rwanda Abatutsi batangiye kwitwainyenzi, inzoka, |
5. Ku rwego rwa kane, abategura jenoside barangwa n'ibikorwa bitandukanye bitegura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo. Hategurwa hakanigishwa abazayikora, hagashakwa ibikoresho bizifashishwa, n'ibindi. Ni muri uru rwego mu Rwanda hashyizweho imitwe y'interahamwe, impuzamugambi,... bakigishwa kwikiza umwanzi; bakagura ibikoresho bitandukanye bizifashishwa(imipanga, amahiri....), etc.» 6. Ku rwego rwa gatanu, abategura Jenoside batangira kwibasira abatagira aho babogamije, batabyumva kimwe nabo; kugirango bitazababuza gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wabo wa Jenoside. 7. Ku Rwego rwa gatandatu, abagomba kwicwa bashyirwa ahagaragara, hagakorwa urutonde (listes). 8. Nyuma yo gukora urutonde rw'abagomba kwicwa, hakurikiraho kubica hagamijwe kumaraho abagize itsinda runaka. 9. Gutoteza abo bashaka gukorera jenoside (persecution): Mu Rwanda abatutsi baratotezwaga, bakicwa hato na hato kandi bazira ubusa. 10. Nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa jenoside, iteka abayikoze ntibaba bemera ibyaha bakoze. Nibwo usanga barangwa no guhakana ibyabaye, bagahisha ukuri, bakibasira abatangabuhamya n'ibindi byose bagamije kuburizamo ibimenyetso bituma umugambi wabo umenyekana n'uburyo wateguwe. Mu byukuri, tugendeye kuri jenoside zabaye hirya no hino ku isi, jenoside yose irategurwa, ntipfa kubaho. Jenoside igira umurongo mugari igenderaho. Niwo uhuza abasangiye icyerekezo kimwe cyo gukora Jenoside. Uwo murongo mugari niwo bita ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside isakazwa mu bantu benshi, ikagira ingufu maze abantu bakayigenderaho bakemera gukora Jenoside. 2. Itandukaniro rya Jenoside n'intambara Intego yabyo si imwe: Intambara iba igamije gutsinda maze abatsinzwe bakayoboka abatsinze. Jenoside ntiba igamije gutsinda ngo abatsinzwe bayoboke ababatsinze, ahubwo iba igamije kurimbura abo yibasiye ntihasigare n'umwe. Intambara igira amategeko ayigenga, utayubahirije akaba yabihanirwa. Ushyize intwaro hasi agasaba imbabazi arazihabwa, ntiyicwa. Nta mategeko agenga Jenoside, abayikora ntakibakoma imbere. Nta n'ubwo batanga imbabazi. Intambara igira imfungwa z'intambara, Jenoside iba igamije kumaraho itsinda runaka, ntigira imfungwa. Intambara ikorwa n'ingabo ntihajyamo abaturage basanzwe. Jenoside yo siko biri kuko nko mu Rwanda yakozwe n'abasirikare ndetse n'abaturage basanzwe batagira ingano. Mu ntambara birabujijwe kwibasira abaturage muri rusange, by'umwihariko abana, abagore, abasaza, abarwayi, abamugaye n'umwe mu barwana umanitse amaboko n'ubwo hari abagwa mu ntambara bwose. Jenoside yibasira abagize itsinda runaka igamije kubamaraho bose, ntawe isize inyuma. Intambara igira ingaruka mbi n'inziza ariko Jenoside ingaruka zayo zose ni mbi gusa. 3. Itandukaniro rya jenoside n'ibindi byaha by'ubwicanyi Habaho ubwicanyi butandukanye: hari ububa bugamije kwihorera, ubugamije guhana, hari ubuterwa n'uburakari busanzwe, urugomo n'ibindi. Ubwicanyi nk'ubwo ntibukorerwa gahunda na Leta ngo butegurwe ngo ishishikarize igice kimwe cy'abaturage bayo kuzakorera ubwo bwicanyi ikindi gice cy'abaturage bayo. Ubwicanyi busanzwe ntibuba bugamije gutsemba igice cy'abaturage bo mu mu bundi bwoko bwibasiwe na Leta. Jenoside itandukanye n'ibindi byaha by'ubugome nk'ibyaha by’intambara n'ibindi byaha byibasira inyokomuntu, kuko byo biba bikomoka kuri iyo ntambara, mu gihe abicwa muri Jenoside bo baba bazira uko baremwe gusa. Jenoside iteka ishingira ku ivangura ritegurwa rikanashyirwa mu nzego, rigahabwa intebe, rikagirwa umurongongenderwaho w'Igihugu. 4. Ubudasaza bw'ikurikiranacyaha cya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n'ibyaha by'intambara Nyuma yo gutandukanya icyaha cya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye Inyokomuntu n'ibyaha by'intambara,twabibutsaga ko ikurikiranacyaha ry'ibi byaha, ibi bikaba biteganywa n'ingingo y'134 y'Itegeko Ngenga twavuze haruguru rishyiraho igitabo cy'amategeko ahana. Iyi ngingo iteganya ko "ikurikirana ry'icyaha cya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, n'ibyaha by'intambara n'ibihano byatanzwe kuri ibyo byaha ntibisaza". 5. Itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n'umwihariko wayo 5.1. Uko yateguwe ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa 1. Guca abanyarwanda mo ibice (Classification): Abahutu n'abatutsi - (kwandika Hutu/Tutsi mu Ndangamuntu, kwigisha ko badakomoka hamwe, kubasumbanya etc.); 2. Kubaha ibibaranga (Symbolisation) - Abahutu n'abatutsi. Abatutsi ni ba mazuru, ba runyunyusi barangwa n'ubugome, ubuhake, uburyarya, etc. 3. Kubambura ubumuntu (Deshumanisation) - (Kwita Abatutsi inzoka, Inyenzi, kuvuga ko bafite imirizo, Amatwi atendera, gutanga uburenganzira bwo kwica, guhemba abishe etc). 4. Kwishyira hamwe kw'abicanyi (Organization) - Hutu power, Interahamwe, gushyiraho inzego z'abicanyi, gukwiza ibikoresho, ubukangurambaga bw'abicanyi, gukora lisiti z'abicwa no kuzitangaza etc. 5. Gutanya abagomba kwicwa n'abazabica (Polarisation) - umwanzi wacu ni umwe! (Umututsi). Ref. "Amategeko 10 y'Abahutu ya Kangura N 0 6, Ukwakira 1990" 4 ) 6. Kwitegura (Preparation) - Amaradiyo RTLM, Lisiti z'ibyitso, n'izabagomba kwicwa, gutegura ingabo, gutoza imitwe y'abicanyi no kuyimara ubwoba, kugerageza ubwicanyi, kuvuga ko hagiye kuba akantu: mwitegure!, etc. 7. Gutsemba (Extermination) - Abazavuka bazabaze uko Umututsi yasaga! 8. Guhakana Jenoside. (Denial /Négationisme/ Révisionisme)-Double Jenoside, Urupfu rw'umubyeyi Habyarimana, kwitabara etc. 5. 2. Ibindi byerekana ko Jenoside yateguwe Hashyizweho imitwe y'abicanyi: Réseau zero : Agatsiko k'abicanyi bo hejuru muri politiki kakoreraga mu ibanga. • Amasasu : Abasirikare bakuru barwanyaga amasezerano ya Arusha • Interahamwe (MRND) • Impuzamugambi (CDR) • Abakombozi (PSD Power) n'abandi¼. Hatanzwe intwaro, zikwirakwizwa n'abayobozi mu baturage hagamijwe gutsemba Abatutsi ; Hashyizweho bariyeri nyinshi hagamijwe kubuza Abatutsi guhunga, Hakoreshejwe amayeri yo guhuriza (gukusanyiriza) Abatutsi hamwe mu bigo no mu masengero kugira ngo biborohere kubica ;
Habaye ubwicanyi bunyuranye imbere ya 1994, buyobowe n'abayobozi ba gisiviri n'abagisirikare: I Kibirira mu 1990, i Murambi mu 1990, mu Mutara mu 1990, mu Bigogwe mu 1991, i Nasho mu 1990-1991, mu Bugesera mu 1992, ku Kibuye mu 1992, ku Gisenyi mu 1993, ... 5.3. Umwihariko wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda Abantu benshi cyane bishwe mu gihe gito cyane (hishwe abagera kuri 1,070,014 mu minsi 100 gusa) bigaragazwa na MINALOC mu bushakashatsi bwayo bwo muri 2002. Nyuma y’icyo gihe, habonetse indi mibiri myinshi haba mu makuru yatanzwe mu manza za Gacaca cyangwa se ayatanzwe n’abantu ku giti cyabo n’indi mibiri yagiye iboneka mu bundi buryo nk’igihe cy’ikorwa ry’imihanda n’izindi nyubako. Bigaragaza ko Jenoside yahitanye Abatutsi barenga miliyoni. Abaturage basanzwe kandi benshi cyane bishe bagenzibabo baturanye ku misozi, basangiraga, basenganaga, bashyingiranaga n'ibindi... Abicwaga n'abicaga bari bahuje umuco n'ururimi. Abaturage bishe bari bafitanye isano rya hafi. Hakoreshejwe intwaro za gakondo zitica vuba nk'ubuhiri, ubufuni etc.. hagamijwe gushinyagurira abicwaga. Hakoreshejwe ubugome bukabije (Kwicukurira no kwihamba, gukubita abana ku nkuta, kwanduza SIDA, kurya abantu no kunywa amaraso, etc). Inzego zose za Leta, amadini n'imiryango inyuranye zagize uruhare mu bwicanyi. LONI, Amahanga n'Imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanirauburenganzira bwa muntu batereranye u Rwanda kandi bahari. 5.4 Ihanwa ry'icyaha cya Jenoside Ingingo y'115 ya 114 y'Itegeko Ngenga № 01/2012/OL/ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy'amategeko ahana iteganya ko"umuntu wese ukoze haba mu gihe gisanzwe cyangwa mu gihe cy'intambara, icyaha cya jenoside nk'uko giteganywa mu ngingo ibanziriza iyi, ahanishwa igihano cya burundu y'umwihariko". |
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